American Buildout

Covering America’s infrastructure buildout.
UpdatedMonday, November 9, 2026

Buildout Tracker

Stargate Milam County

Buildout Tracker (beta): OpenAI's 1.2 GW Stargate site in Milam County, Texas, built and operated by SoftBank's SB Energy — a county abatement committing $18 billion in Phase 1 on about 607 acres near Burlington, under construction since early 2026, with no power filing on record as the governor's data center audit freeze runs.

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Stargate Milam County

Developer SB Energy (SoftBank Group subsidiary) builds and operates; county abatement counterparty is Milam County DC, LLC Tenant OpenAI, 1.2 GW lease for the initial buildout, announced Jan. 9, 2026 Location About 607 acres in Commissioner Precinct 2, Samuel Bowers Survey, Rosebud-Lott ISD, near Burlington Power Companies say they will build new generation for the site; no utility, ERCOT or PUCT record located Stated investment $18 billion minimum in Phase 1 within five years, per the county agreement; $1 billion from OpenAI and SoftBank and $800 million from Ares into SB Energy Status County abatement acted on Nov. 24, 2025; under construction per the county judge, February 2026; state audit freeze since Aug. 3, 2026

Milam County’s Commissioners Court held a public hearing and took up a Chapter 312 tax abatement agreement with Milam County DC, LLC on Nov. 24, 2025 for a data center on about 607 acres in Precinct 2 inside the SE DC Devco Reinvestment Zone, with an Authorizing Order dated that day and a First Addendum on the Dec. 8 agenda. The agreement, posted by the county in draft, commits the project entity to $18 billion of Phase 1 investment within five years across up to 10 real property phases, abates 100 percent of county taxes for 10 years per phase, fixes payments in lieu of taxes at $750,000 a year for each $1 billion invested, which comes to $13.5 million a year at full Phase 1, requires at least 400 full-time jobs paying more than 120 percent of the county average wage within five years of construction start, and claws back abated taxes if the project entity walks away before the end of 2029 or fails to build. The county judge wrote on Feb. 9, 2026 that the data center near Burlington was under construction on land long out of agricultural production, nearly half of it designated wetlands.

On Jan. 9, 2026 OpenAI announced that it had signed a 1.2 gigawatt lease with SB Energy for the initial buildout of the Milam County Data Center and that OpenAI and SoftBank Group were each investing $500 million in SB Energy, following $800 million of redeemable preferred equity from Ares Infrastructure Opportunities funds in 2025. The companies said they plan to build new generation to meet the site’s needs and protect Texas ratepayers, that the data center is designed to minimize water use, and that construction would create thousands of jobs. SoftBank’s chief financial officer told analysts in February that SB Energy is a consolidated subsidiary and that project financing for the Milam and Borden County projects would likely sit on the group’s balance sheet under IFRS, structured as nonrecourse. No ERCOT large-load, PUCT, Oncor or TCEQ record for the site has been located, which leaves open how Gov. Abbott’s Aug. 3, 2026 freeze on data centers in ERCOT’s interconnection process, and the Sept. 21 halt on TCEQ permits, apply to it. No document reviewed states the corporate link between Milam County DC, LLC and SB Energy, and none uses the name “Project Freebird.”

Project status

Tracker update: Nov. 9, 2026

Status board

FundingSponsor equity; project debt undisclosed

$500 million each from OpenAI and SoftBank into SB Energy (Jan. 2026); $800 million Ares preferred (2025). SoftBank CFO: Milam project financing likely consolidated, nonrecourse. No project-level loan, bond or amount disclosed.

Local / grid approvalsCounty abatement in place; no power record

Chapter 312 agreement acted on Nov. 24, 2025 (Authorizing Order same date); First Addendum Dec. 8. Vote tallies not in posted agendas. No ERCOT, PUCT, Oncor or TCEQ filing located. Governor’s Aug. 3 audit freeze and Sept. 21 TCEQ halt apply statewide to projects in ERCOT’s process.

Public oppositionNone on record

Public hearings Nov. 24, 2025; speakers not recorded in the posted agendas. No petition or litigation on record.

Delays / withdrawalsNone on record

County judge: under construction, Feb. 9, 2026. SB Energy: initial facilities company-wide to enter service starting in 2026; no site date given.

Stage gauge

  1. 1County abatementHearing and action, Nov. 24, 2025
  2. 2First AddendumDec. 8, 2025 agenda
  3. 3Tenant leaseOpenAI 1.2 GW, Jan. 9, 2026
  4. 4Sponsor equity$1B OpenAI/SoftBank; $800M Ares
  5. 5ConstructionUnder way, per county judge, Feb. 2026
  6. 6PowerNew generation planned; no filing located
  7. 7First serviceNo site date published
  8. 8Phase 1 complete$18B within five years; 400 jobs
CompleteIn progressNot started

By the numbers

1.2GWOpenAI lease for the initial buildout
$18BMinimum Phase 1 investment within five years, per county agreement
607Acres in the agreement recitals; Exhibit B describes 595.42
$13.5MAnnual PILOT at full Phase 1; $750,000 per $1 billion invested
400Jobs required by year five at 120 percent of county wage
100%County tax abatement, 10 years per phase (an exhibit says 75 percent)
Site

The tract lies in Commissioner Precinct 2 near Burlington in northwest Milam County, within Rosebud-Lott ISD, described in the agreement’s Exhibit B as 595.42 acres out of the Samuel Bowers Survey A-97 under a deed at Volume 1232, Page 483 of the county’s official public records; the recitals put the zone at 606.656 acres and Exhibit A’s acreage is blank in the posted draft. The county judge describes land out of agricultural production for many years with nearly half designated wetlands. The agreement allows up to 10 real property phases, each with up to three personal property phases, with Phase 1 split into sub-phases 1A through 1E and a Phase 1A description certificate due within two years of the effective date. The companies have described new on-site or dedicated generation but have not named a fuel, a utility or an interconnection.

Timeline

  1. April 14, 2025County adopts the tax abatement guidelines and criteria cited in the agreement.Chapter 312 agreement
  2. 2025Ares Infrastructure Opportunities funds invest $800 million in SB Energy preferred equity.SB Energy release
  3. Nov. 13, 2025County posts the draft Chapter 312 Agreement with Milam County DC, LLC: $18 billion Phase 1, fixed PILOT, 400 jobs.County public notice
  4. Nov. 24, 2025Public hearings and action on the agreement and Authorizing Order; all five commissioners present at the 10 a.m. session.Commissioners Court agendas
  5. Dec. 8, 2025First Addendum to the agreement on the agenda.Commissioners Court agenda
  6. Jan. 9, 2026OpenAI announces a 1.2 GW lease with SB Energy for the Milam County Data Center; OpenAI and SoftBank invest $500 million each in SB Energy.OpenAI / SB Energy
  7. Feb. 9, 2026County judge: the Burlington-area data center is under construction.Judge Whitmire column
  8. February 2026SoftBank CFO: SB Energy consolidated; Milam and Borden project financing likely on the group balance sheet, nonrecourse.SoftBank Q3 FY2025 Q&A
  9. Aug. 3, 2026Gov. Abbott orders a PUCT/ERCOT audit of all data centers in the interconnection process; no project advances until complete.Governor’s Office
  10. Sept. 21, 2026Governor directs TCEQ to issue no data center permits until the audit is complete.Governor’s Office
  11. 2027First PILOT year in the agreement’s illustrative schedule ($2.25 million).Chapter 312 agreement, Exhibit I
  12. Nov. 2027Phase 1A description certificate due, two years from the effective date.Chapter 312 agreement
  13. Nov. 2030$18 billion Phase 1 investment and 400 jobs due within five years.Chapter 312 agreement

Sources

  1. Milam County — Chapter 312 Agreement between Milam County DC, LLC and Milam County, Texas (JW draft Nov. 13, 2025; posted public notice)
  2. Milam County Commissioners Court — Regular Meeting agenda, Nov. 24, 2025 (Items 12–13, Milam County DC, LLC tax abatement)
  3. Milam County Commissioners Court — Special Meeting agenda, Nov. 24, 2025 (public hearing)
  4. Milam County Commissioners Court — Regular Meeting agenda, Dec. 8, 2025 (First Addendum)
  5. Milam County Judge Bill Whitmire — weekly column, Feb. 9, 2026
  6. OpenAI — OpenAI and SoftBank Group partner with SB Energy (Jan. 9, 2026)
  7. SB Energy — release, Jan. 9, 2026
  8. SoftBank Group — Q3 FY2025 earnings presentation Q&A (February 2026)
  9. Office of the Texas Governor — Comprehensive Data Center Audit (Aug. 3, 2026)
  10. Office of the Texas Governor — TCEQ permit halt (Sept. 21, 2026)
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